Low Depth- Low Depth of Field

Apologies for the title, but this is what this post is about: snorkelling in one meter of water taking soft focus images. Low depth of field (DoF) results from a large (or wide) aperture (somewhat confusingly, to make the aperture larger you need to select a lower f-number on your camera). A wider aperture results in more light hitting the sensor, so it is something you’d do when taking photos under low light, but it can also be used for creative effects, as it results in only a thin slice of the image being in focus. This leaves cluttered backgrounds and foregrounds blurred out which makes for a more pleasing aesthetic effect. I used this technique for the photos above and below of a European Cowrie (Trivia monacha) (M43: f4, 1/160s, ISO100). Of course there is a trade-off: most of the subject is out of focus, so it is not a setting you would use for an ID shot that needs as much detail as possible. The golden rule is to keep the eye(s) in focus – something that worked slightly better in the second pic. Strangely, this snail has two pupils in its right eye! I have indicated the slice that is in focus in the second photo with a red line; the shell is 10-15mm in length.

While I was taking photo after photo of this snail, I was approached by several small Tompot Blennies. This species (as well as Common Blennies, but not so much Montagu’s Blennies) is very curious which is great for a photographer (although sometimes they come too close and you have to keep moving back). I used the same settings as above for the smallest individual (not longer than 4 cm). I noticed for the first time the blue spots on the dorsal fin (see first pic). I did not get THE photo but it was good practice. Finally, a close-up of a baby Topknot; although the aperture was smaller this time, the mouth is still not in focus. Sorry for all the photography talk if you are not into that, but at least I hope you enjoyed the pictures!

Silver Steps Round-up

I realised I still had photos on my hard disc from a bunch of dives taken at local haunt Silver Steps in Falmouth this summer that could do with posting, as some came out quite nicely. Several photos were taken at my secret spot ‘The Crack‘ (I have now labelled all posts with photos taken in this small spot with that tag). I took some with my trusted Olympus 60mm lens and others with my new 30mm lens. The latter worked well with a large aperture to give a nice blurry background, as seen with the Tompot Blenny (Parablennius gattorugine) above (and further below). I also managed to take a good ‘full frontal’ shot of a Connemara Clingfish (Lepadogaster candolii) showing of the sucker with which they attach to the rocks.

During one dive something caught the corner of my eye: a small Spiny Lobster (Palinurus elephas) – a very nice surprise as I had not seen one here for quite a few years! These are tricky customers to take a photo of I find: their antennae are so long that you need a wide angle scene to have them in the frame, as getting close up gets you only part of the animal. Also a photo of a prawn (Palaemon, not sure which of the two possible species); such beautiful animals! Below that a block of some more good photos.

At the end of one dive I came across a nudibranch I had not seen before: a Yellow Skirt (or Venus) Seaslug (Okenia elegans). Extravagant in its colours and proportions this was one of my finds of the year. Unfortunately I could not give it the full photographic treatment I had in mind as I was running low on air when I found it. Finally a bunch of not-so-good photos but they show a range of common local species and so I have added them for completeness. You can read descriptions when you click on individual pics.

Tompot Blenny

Every time I dive at my local site Silver Steps, I check out a crack in the rocks that houses a variety of Crustaceans and fish (see for instance this old post). Yesterday I brought my fancy macro-wide angle probe lens specifically to look for a Tompot Blenny (Parablennius gattorugine). I found two, including this male guarding his eggs (visible at the back, top and bottom of the crack in the photo below). The last photo shows that these guys are pretty feisty too!

Variable Blenny

During an otherwise uneventful macro-dive at Silver Steps this week I looked under a small rock overhang around 8 meters deep and noticed an unusual little fish. At first glance it resembled a Tompot Blenny (see pic of a showboating individual below), only darker, more skittish and, upon closer inspection, with much smaller tentacles on top of the head. I knew this must be a Variable (or Ringneck) Blenny, Parablennius pilicornis, as we’d seen many of them on holiday on the Basque coast this summer. It is a southerly species that was first recorded in Britain in 2007 but is increasingly spotted. Not a first for Cornwall, but there are still few observations and so I have recorded it on iNaturalist (making it available for later inclusion on the NBN Atlas, the UK’s largest repository of publicly available biodiversity data). Another warmer water species joining our shores due to climate change…

Back to Silver Steps

I recently bought (2ndhand) scuba gear and did a refresher dive; with the nice weather this week it was high time to get back under the waves and take some photos! I dived Thu/Fri/Sat at the main local shoredive site ‘Silver Steps‘. I went in by myself, but with a maximum depth of around 10 meters and good conditions this is not risky. The dives did not disappoint, the viz was excellent! Although I spotted cuttlefish every dive, I still opted for the macro lens, as I suspected I could not get great shots of them with my fisheye lens at 1.5 meter distance (I might have been wrong!). Instead of heading out to sea as some divers do, I always stick to the gullies by the rocks, diving below the kelp to see what happens beneath the rocky overhangs. There are three usual suspects hiding there, each with a very different personality. First, Leopard Spotted Gobies (Thorogobius ephippiatus) inhabit cracks in the rocks and are quite shy:

Second, Tompot Blennies (Parablennius gattorugine) are extremely inquisitive, often coming very close to check out what is going on in front of their domain:

Third, Black-face Blennies (which are not true blennies but triple fins) that only ever live under overhangs, usually head-down. I did not see males in breeding colours (black face, yellow body) but this colour form is even prettier I think:

When inspecting the rock walls carpeted in sponges, seasquirts, algae, worms and other things, I kept my eyes out for nudibranchs. Apart from a tiny crested aeolis, I spotted a good number of Discodoris rosi, busy mating and laying eggs. This species has only been observed in the UK for a decade or so but the population now is booming, with many reports coming in from all over Cornwall:

All in all a great enjoyable three dives! Silvery schools of sandeels and sprat/herring, many wrasse, cuttlefish, small and very big lobsters and a greater pipefish were also spotted. Unfortunately the weather has made a turn for the worse this week, however, there are still a few diveable months left this year…

rockpool photography

I have been out twice this week with the Canon G16 with the hope of snapping a few good photos (out of the hundreds I take). It was trickier than usual, in part because the viz was not great but also because I am making a bit less progress I feel. Investing in an expensive DSLR + housing will get me further but I do not know if it will be worth the money. However, I still have a lot to do when when it comes to mastering the principles of photography, especially getting to grips with manual settings. In this post I will highlight some of the ‘issues’ am facing; who knows I will be lucky and get some feedback via the blog (and instagram), sharing is caring! As usual, I focussed on the seaweed diversity, although at this time of year it is not the best looking. The photo above is nothing special (the seaweed looks a bit straggly) but I like the blue background. It is interesting the wide diversity of seaweed species on the Red rags in the photo below and I like the contrast of the green sea lettice versus the brown Bushy berry wreck in the second photo but both pics are a bit meh. A main difficulty is that many times the sand (orthe bleached coral weed) contrast with the subject of the photo resulting in excess highlights. I try to counteract this by reducing F-stops (resulting in an overall darker picture) and reduce highlights during post-processing. @chris_exploring recommended to choose overcast rather than sunny days which is probably the best approach (and I will have plenty of opportunities to test this the coming months!) The first pic below of a Two-spotted goby is OK but I could not get quite close enough. The second photo is of course out of focus but I included it anyway to show that some of these photos have great potential. It inspired my own photography rule (the ‘Vos Index’): the beauty of the subject (on a 1-10 scale) times the difficulty of a shot (on a 1-10 scale). We are all trying to score a 100: a perfect capture of a beautiful organism. I am stuck with mediocre captures of beautiful things. Sometimes I get a very good capture but then mostly it is of something not-so beautiful. I shoot JPEG + RAW, which is a bit of a pain as I do not want to clog my hard drive and reviewing and deleting JPEGs and then having to filter for names to delete the associated RAW files is annoying. I actually keep few RAW files because very few photos are worthy of any advanced Photoshop editing, and also the standard Windows photo editing software is not half bad. For example see the photo below of whitebait (impossible to tell if it is herring, sprat or pilchard). It is very low contrast and bluish; by reducing highlights, increasing ‘clarity’ and a bit of cropping the image is completely transformed (although still relatively unusable as the resolution is quite bad).   Finally macro. I just cannot seem to get my strobe to work which is annoying so the pics below are all ambient light. I need to up my game with this as there are so many cool subjects around to shoot if you take time to look. Below some tiny (3-4 mm) snails Rissoa parva. I wanted to zoom in more but was unable to unfortunately. Next a much bigger (2 cm) Netted dog whelk Tritia reticulata (sigh, I knew this as Nassarius reticulatus, and Hinia reticulata but the name has changed again). Next, a baby (3 cm) Tompot blenny Parablennius gattorugine which are one of the easiest fish I know to photograph, not very shy! Finally another challenge to photograph, a mermaids purse (egg case) of a Nursehound Scyliorhinus stellaris shark with a tiny (2-3 cm) embryo visible. I had a little light with me that I used to illuminate it from the back but this could be improved upon as well!

St. Agnes

I did a little ‘recon’ last Sunday in beautiful St. Agnes on the north coast but my timing was a bit off (the tide came in, with sediment getting suspended and the water becoming super-oxygenated, resulting in lots of bubbles on the wetlens). Luckily, this Thursday with no wind, the sun out and low tide, I had the opportunity to nip out again: awesome! Trevaunance Cove has a small beach, with rock pools on either side, I chose the Trevellas Cove side. Coincidentally, Shoresearch Cornwall (facebook here and here) had a survey and so caught up with Matt and Adele as well as Thomas from HydroMotion Media who I had not seen in a while. The north coast is quite different from the south coast I am used too: more exposed and this site for instance had none of the long Thong weed and Wireweed which dominate Castle Beach. The pools are also wider and in parts have a rocky, gravelly or sandy bottom. One spot had a considerable rock overhang, and I probably spent a full hour alone just at these six meters or so as there was so much to see. With the tide out, it was only about half a meter deep, with rocks encrusted in purple corraline algae, pink and orange sponges, bryozoans, tunicates and red seaweeds. The over-under shot is not particularly great but gives a rough impression, as do the two underwater shots (note the mysis shrimp in the last photo): There is a great diversity in red seaweeds, but I find these species quite hard to ID. The red rags Dilsea carnosa look pretty ‘ragged’ in Falmouth at the moment, but in this shaded, high wave energy spot they looked very fresh (first photo). I made a lot more photos but I was really struggling, as the bright sun reflected on the sand, with the seaweeds sticking out from the shaded overhang, such as Sea beach Delesseria sanguinea. The third photo give a good impression of the beauty of this habitat. Black scour weed and Discoid fork weed manage to scrape around in the shifting sands. Serrated wrack hangs and drips from the rocks into the pools below.Apart from the mysis shrimp in the water column, very large prawns patrol the rock surfaces and Edible crabs, Velvet crabs and Spiny squat lobsters hide in crevices. The prawns are curious and really beautiful. Most spectacularly, I found a large lobster in a cavity and at one point had a small lobster walking over to me: Many fish could be spotted as well: Topknots are common (you can just about see one glued to the rocks behind the lobster in the photo above) and there were a couple of big fat Tompot blennies around as well. Dragonets patrol the sand and are very well camouflaged (and hard to approach). A juvenile fish was hiding on and in a sponge; I first thought it was a juvenile Black-faced blenny Tripterygion delaisi, but in subsequent facebook correspondence thought of a Montagu’s blenny Coryphoblennius galerita (very common here) but then settled on a little Tompot blenny Parablennius gattorugine. This would have been a very good subject for a proper macro-shot if only I could get to grips with my strobe! In general this was a great place and time for fish. Apart from the topknots, tompots and Montagu’s blennies (juveniles were abundant, present even in the tiniest pools), I saw sand eels, corkwing wrasse, a pollack and horse mackerel (both a bit lost in these shallow pools), corkwing wrasse, shannies, sand gobies and rock gobies. I thought I spotted a Giant goby, but this turned out to be a very large rock goby Gobius paganellus (thanks Matt Slater). After the large goby photo, a tiny Rock goby (I think), a Shanny, a Cushion star and Snakelocks anemones. I cannot wait to get back to this beautiful site, but will need to wait a bit for the next good tide…

Practising Fish Photography

This Thursday afternoon was quite bright with low tide still in the ‘OK’ range, however it was quite gusty, resulting in bad viz. As seaweed photography was not an option, I opted to lie down in a midshore rockpool and look at things up close instead. There are a surprising amount of fish in rock pools when you stick your head in and so I chose to have a go photographing them. Most common were Corkwing wrasse, but these are very shy. A pair of Two-spotted gobies Gobiusculus flavenscens hung around a ledge and were easier to photograph. Still tricky though as my standard settings result in limited depth of field; I need to play around with the aperture next time. I will also bring my strobe and videolight to try to bring out the colours more. I tried a split-shot which half-worked but you really need a wide angle dome port for that (not a ‘wet’ wide angle lens). You can see the steps leading from the tunnel entrance to the shore.Two-spotted gobies hover above the substrate instead of lying on it as most other goby species do, but you can see they are very well camouflaged against the corraline algae. Two Tompot blennies Parablennius gattorugine swam up to me. These are the least shy of all the rock pool fish (their cousin the Shanny did not come very close) and easy to photograph as they kept checking me out, striking all kinds of different poses. I need to try to photograph these with my macrolens next time. I turned over a stone and found a Long-spined sea scorpion Taurulus bubalis, these keep very still and are also easy to photograph. Prawns were of course around and are actually really pretty with blue and yellow legs and striped body. Finally a shot of seaweeds in this pool showing fresh growth of many red species and a shot with green Cladophora showing limited visibility due to wave action. Btw, I see this is the 200th post on the blog!

Black-faced blenny Tripterygion delaisi

Went on a good dive at Silver Steps in Falmouth yesterday.The visibility wasn’t that great, but for the most part we were rummaging under overhangs in gulleys just off the coast. Sweeping aside the kelp reveals many fine red seaweeds, sponges, bryozoans and small Devonshire cupcorals. We saw the ubiquitous Tompot blenny Parablennius gattorugine as well as a Bib (or Pout) Trisopterus luscus. Overhead there were many Sandeels as well as some relatively large Pollock Pollachius pollachius hunting them:IMG_1151IMG_1143IMG_1133IMG_1139However, there was a much more remarkable fish we spotted, namely the Black-faced blenny Tripterygion delaisi. We first saw a male, bright yellow with a black head and beautifully skyblue-lined fins. Only after a while we noticed the inconspicuously coloured female. The male is coured this way only in the breeding season. (We later saw another larger male, no female, although that was probably closeby.) My fish guides tell me that this Mediterranean species was first spotted in the UK in the 70s and that it is currently present in only two or three locations on the South West coast. Some browsing on the web has told me that in recent years they have been recorded in more locations but they still must be relatively rare (and I therefore won’t be attempting to catch them). Global warming will likely extend the range of this species more firmly northwards; one of the very few positive effects of our addicition to carbon… Lastly, I now managed to get a shot of the Candy striped flatworm Prostheceraeus vittatus:IMG_1160IMG_1164

aquarium update 11

The aquarium was in desperate need of a make-over (again…). I hauled a ton of rocks over from the beach and stacked them up. (I thought at first that I would need something to stick the rocks together (epoxy, superglue or waterfall foam) but that wasn’t really necessary). I also removed most of the gravel and replaced it with sand. So quite a big change but it really looks a lot better. However, my nice burrowing Red-speckled anemones suffered a bit when putting the sand in, and even after siphoning it off again I could not really find them anymore….hopefully they turn up again!IMG_7849 The aquarium is still a bit bare and I have to go out and collect things that will live on the rocks, such as anemones and seaweeds. However, there is some progress on the seaweed front. There is a bit of Irish moss Chondrus crispus growing spontaneosly from the back wall. There are also some patches of pink corraline algae; which must be Coral weed Corralina officinalis judging from one outgrowing patch. Having this species grow would be great, but they do not seem like fast growers. Chrysymenia wrighti is still thriving on the circulation pump; I remove a bit every now and then, so it acts as an ‘algae scrubber’, removing nutrients from the water. I have placed a couple of other seaweeds in the aquarium, a bit risky as they can die off and start trouble, but I can’t help it. The red Soliera chordalis below has done well before but unfortunately has started to die off a little already (first pic). I have a big piece of a flat red species that has started to grow from nowhere as well (second pic).IMG_7908IMG_7652One day, the aquarium was full of strings of Painted topshell eggs. I noticed when feeding a day later that the water was not very cold: I had forgotten to switch the pump/chiller back on two days previously! So the trick to breed this species is to increase the temperature, although I am not expecting much to happen with the eggs. Either the Thick-lipped or Netted dogwhelks are also occasionally sticking their egg masses to the glass. I placed a chunk of orange Estuarine sponge in the aquarium; this was devoured by Painted topshells and Cushion stars, so it is a good bit of live food to add. I had planted a little washed-up eelgrass plant to see if it would survive and indeed it has grown more roots. (If you want to try this yourself, please always use washed up plants and don’t dig out any, as eelgrass beds are vulnerable habitats.) It would be great to have a second tank dedicated to eelgrass….The little scallop is still happy (see close-up). I have added another filter feeder: a Leathery sea squirt Styela clavata. Butt-ugly, but that is actually fun too. I am trying it out as they are an invasive species and so probably pretty hardy. A Sting winkle seems to like it (but not eat it). I have never seen my two Sting winkles eat anything actually. They move about very slowly, but they have grown.IMG_7651IMG_7914Now the snakelocks anemones are gone, I have added some more fish. I have caught some juvenile Pollack Pollachius pollachius with my net. At first I caught ones that were less than an inch, but they did not survive. Of the six two-inch or so ones I caught, three dissappeared after one day, but the remaining three are going strong. Very nice looking fish! I also caught a little Tompot blenny Parablennius gattorugine (by hand at low tide). It is quite shy, but is increasingly showing itself. A beautiful little fish! I have one remaining Two-spotted goby. The Common goby is doing very well and eats from my hand. I think I’ll go for another little tompot, more Pollack and Two-spotted gobies. Ideally I would catch some Leopard-spotted gobies with a trap when diving, let’s see….The other fish I would like to have again is the Goldsinny wrasse: very pretty and not as nervous as Corkwing wrasse. IMG_7887

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